From Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901-1921, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1967
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html
Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. Six weeks later the family moved to Munich, where he later on began his schooling at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics. In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree.
During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In 1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from his post in 1945.
After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement, he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined, and he collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them. He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal. He regarded his major achievements as mere stepping-stones for the next advance.
At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. He dealt with classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules. He investigated the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density and his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.
In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also furnish a theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity. During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics.
In the 1920's, Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America. He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas and he has also accomplished valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology.
After his retirement he continued to work towards the unification of the basic concepts of physics, taking the opposite approach, geometrisation, to the majority of physicists.
Einstein's researches are, of course, well chronicled and his more important works include Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English translations, 1920 and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (1938). Among his non-scientific works, About Zionism (1930), Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) are perhaps the most important.
Albert Einstein received honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine and philosophy from many European and American universities. During the 1920's he lectured in Europe, America and the Far East and he was awarded Fellowships or Memberships of all the leading scientific academies throughout the world. He gained numerous awards in recognition of his work, including the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1925, and the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1935.
Einstein's gifts inevitably resulted in his dwelling much in intellectual solitude and, for relaxation, music played an important part in his life. He married Mileva Maric in 1903 and they had a daughter and two sons; their marriage was dissolved in 1919 and in the same year he married his cousin, Elsa Löwenthal, who died in 1936. He died on April 18, 1955 at Princeton, New Jersey.
What was so special about his brain ?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Albert Einstein's brain has often been a subject of research and speculation.
Einstein's brain was removed within seven seconds of his death. The brain has attracted attention because of Einstein's reputation for being one of the foremost geniuses of the 20th century, and apparent regularities or irregularities in the brain have been used to support various ideas about correlations in neuroanatomy with general or mathematical
intelligence. Scientific studies have suggested that regions involved in speech and language are smaller, while regions involved with numerical and spatial processing are larger. Other studies have suggested an increased number of Glial cells in Einstein's brain.
Einstein's brain was removed, weighed and preserved by Thomas Stoltz Harvey, the pathologist who performed the autopsy on Einstein. He claimed he hoped that cytoarchitectonics would reveal useful information. Harvey injected 10% formalin through the internal carotid arteries and afterwards suspended the intact brain in 10% formalin. Harvey photographed the brain from many angles. He then dissected it into roughly 240 blocks (each about 10cm3) and encased the segments in a plastic-like material called celloidin. Harvey may also have removed Einstein's eyes, and given them to Henry Abrams. He was apparently fired from his position at Princeton Hospital shortly thereafter for refusing to relinquish the organs.In 1999, further analysis by a team at McMaster University in Hamilton Ontario,Canada revealed that his parietal operculum region in the inferior frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe of the brain was vacant. Also absent was part of a bordering region called the lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure). Researchers at McMaster University speculated that the vacancy may have enabled neurons in this part of his brain to communicate better. "This unusual brain anatomy…(missing part of the Sylvian fissure)… may explain why Einstein thought the way he did," said Professor Sandra Witelson who led the research published in The Lancet. It should be noted that this study was based on photographs of Einstein's brain made in 1955 by Dr. Harvey, and not direct examination of the brain, as implied by the caption of one of the photographs, inaccurately identifying it as a photograph from 1995. Einstein himself claimed that he thought through images rather than verbally. Professor Laurie Hall of Cambridge University commenting on the study, said, "To say there is a definite link is one bridge too far, at the moment. So far the case isn't proven. But magnetic resonance and other new technologies are allowing us to start to probe those very questions". Scientists are currently interested in the possibility that physical differences in brain structure could determine different abilities. One famous part of the operculum is Broca's area which plays an important role in speech production (Einstein was speculated to have Asperger's Syndrome). To compensate, the inferior parietal lobe was 15 percent wider than normal. The inferior parietal region is responsible for mathematical thought, visuospatial cognition, and imagery of movement.
What was the IQ of Albert Einstein?
http://www.einstein-website.de/z_information/variousthings.html
As far as we known today, Albert Einstein has never done any IQ test. Thus his IQ is unknown!
In the 20ies scientists had tried to estimate the IQ of deceased personalities such as Mozart (1756-1791) and Goethe (1749-1832) by means of biographic data; thus they wanted to estimate Albert Einstein’s IQ, too. The value estimated for Einstein was between 160 and 180. But this rough estimation can not count as Einstein’s IQ!
Children also wanted to know Einstein’s IQ. Thus a ten-year-old girl wrote a letter to Einstein at the end of the 40ies which said:
"…I’m writing to you because my cousin and I had a bet. He said you had 175 in intelligence. And I said you had 190. Which one of us is right. … My inteligence is 145."
Which Side of Brain was Dominant in Albert Einstein ?
Lets first start with what are the characteristics of a right brain dominant individual....
http://www.angelfire.com/wi/2brains/right.htmlWhen a person is Right Brain Dominant, they are thought of as the dreamers, the artists, and teh musicians of the world. Just because they are not as good with numbers and remembering facts does not mean that they are "dumber" than a left brain person. They just have their strength in different areas. They do have similar characteristics and they tend to hold similar occupations.
Above are just a few things associated with the right cerebral hemisphere of the brain. People who are right brain dominant are usually good with these things. Here is some more characteristics of a right-brained person.
- Prefer rock music
- Right brain controls left side of body
- Prefer visual instructions with examples
- Good at sports
- Good at art
- Follow Eastern thought*
- Cat lovers
- Enjoy clowning around
- Can be hypnotized
- Like to read fantasy and mystery stories
- Can listen to music or TV while studying
- Like to write fiction
- Prefer group
- Fun to dream about things that will probably never happen
- Enjoy making up own drawings and images
- Good at geometry
- Like organizing things to show relation
- Can memorize music
- Occasionally absentminded
- Like to act out stories
- Enjoy interacting affectively with others
- Think better when lying down
- Become restless during long verbal explanations
- Enjoy creative storytelling
- Prefer to learn through free exploration
- Good at recalling spatial imagery
- Read for main details
- Skilled in showing relationships between ideas
- Preference for summarizing over outlining
- Solve problems intuitively
- Very Spontaneous and unpredictable
- Dreamer
- philosophical
And now about the Left Dominant Individuals...
http://www.angelfire.com/wi/2brains/left.htmlWhen a person devolpes a dominance toward one side of their brain, they tend to have certain characteristics and areas of intest in common. The left side of the brain is often thought of as the logical, thinking side. Also, people of left brain dominance tend to choose similar occupations.
Above are just some things associated with the left cerebal hemisphere of the brain. People who are left brain dominant are usually good with these things. Below is a list of things that left brained people are good at or they like and things that are done in the left brain.
- Prefer Classical Music
- Your Left-Brain controls the right side of your body
- Prefer things like instructions to be done verbally
- Good at math
- Like to read
- Follow Western Thought*
- Very Logical
- Dog lovers
- Don't enjoy clowning around
- Can't be hypnotized
- Usually remember things only specifically studied
- Need total quiet to read or study
- Like to read realistic stories
- Like to write non-fiction
- Prefer individual counseling
- Enjoy copying or tracing pictures and filling in details
- Also like to read action stories
- Usually rational
- Usually do things in a planned orderly way
- If you have to answer someone's question, you won't let your peronal feelings get in the way
- Good at algebra
- Can remember verbal material
- Almost never absent minded
- Like to tell stories but not act them out
- Can think better sitting down
- Like to be a music critic
- Attentive during long verbal explanations
- Prefer well structured assignments over open ended ones
- Read for specific details and facts
- Skilled at sequencing ideas
- Likes to be Organized
Now lets classify Einstein's brain
http://www.isa.org/InTechTemplate.cfm?Section=Pintos_Points1&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=71145"Right-brained people are often misfits. In school, right-brained Albert Einstein was thought to be stupid. He would skip steps and could not explain his answers because his brain streaked toward the answer so quickly that he lost focus if forced to slow down."
May be he might have thought something like as they have shown John Nash in The Beautiful Mind....
or may be something like below...check out the videos...
Works Related To Albert Einstein Across The Web
Albert Einstein - The World as I See It
Image and Impact-Albert Einstein
http://www.scribd.com/doc/7507300/Albert-Einstein-The-World-as-I-See-It
Einstein: His Life and Universe [Audiobook] Torrent
http://www.scribd.com/doc/5993284/Image-and-ImpactAlbert-Einstein
http://www.scribd.com/doc/4550951/Einstein-Autobiography
Why War? Albert Einstein
Why War, a letter written to Freud by Einstein in 1932
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